Site Survey

A site survey builds an understanding of the land before major design decisions are made. It gathers information about slope, water movement, soil, sun, wind, access, existing plants, and potential hazards. In permaculture, observation and measurement provide the basis for deciding where different elements are likely to work.

Some features are relatively stable, such as the broad shape of a hillside. Others change through time. A dry hollow may carry concentrated runoff during storms, and an open planting area may become shaded when nearby trees leaf out. Visiting during contrasting conditions reveals information that a single walk or aerial image cannot provide.

A useful survey combines a base map with observations. Mark existing structures, paths, water features, and vegetation that may affect future work. Record where water enters and leaves, where soil stays wet, and where exposure differs. Simple elevation measurements can help clarify relationships that are difficult to judge by eye.

Soil observations should describe what is actually present. Texture, compaction, drainage, and rooting depth each tell a different part of the story. A soil test can add information about measured properties, while the history of the land may reveal former uses that deserve closer investigation.

For example, noticing repeated runoff across a proposed garden location may change the design before beds, fencing, and irrigation are installed. That small observation can prevent several later adjustments. Recording it also helps distinguish a recurring pattern from a one-time event.

For beginners, the aim is a progressively better map rather than immediate certainty about every part of the property. Mark unknowns and return to them. A permaculture site survey does not replace a legal boundary survey, utility location, or specialized geotechnical assessment. It provides the shared evidence that connects placement, water planning, access, growing conditions, and the sequence of work.