The small-tree layer
The Sub-Canopy Layer
The sub-canopy sits below or beside the tallest trees. It is commonly formed by smaller trees that use filtered light, woodland edges, or deliberate openings in the overstory.
Role in the design
What this layer contributes
This layer adds vertical yield without requiring full canopy height. It can extend flowering and harvest periods while connecting the upper tree layer to shrubs below.
Living library
Explore sub-canopy plants
95 records in this layer
Deciduous Tree
African Moringa
Moringa stenopetala
USDA zones 10–12
Deciduous Tree
Allegheny Chinquapin
Castanea pumila
USDA zones 5–9
Deciduous Tree
Allegheny Serviceberry
Amelanchier laevis
USDA zones 4–8
Deciduous Tree
American Hornbeam
Carpinus caroliniana
USDA zones 3–9
Evergreen Tree
Ashe Juniper
Juniperus ashei
USDA zones 6–9
Evergreen Tree
Atemoya
Annona x atemoya
USDA zones 10–11
Deciduous Tree
Bael
Aegle marmelos
USDA zones 10–12
Perennial
Banana
Musa acuminata
USDA zones 10–11
Perennial
Banana Plantain
Musa balbisiana
USDA zones 8–11
Evergreen Tree
Bay Laurel
Laurus nobilis
USDA zones 8–10
Evergreen Tree
Brazilwood
Paubrasilia echinata
USDA zones 10–12
Evergreen Tree
Cacao
Theobroma cacao
USDA zones 11–12